CoinTalk

In the ocean of the crypto market, there are giants beneath the surface. You now know that these "whales" are entities holding enough cryptocurrency to create waves with a single transaction.

Many traders ask themselves, "What are the whales doing right now?"

The good news is that you don't have to guess. Because of the transparent nature of the blockchain, it's possible to track their activity. In this guide, I'll show you exactly how to track crypto whales and use that information as a potential tool in your trading arsenal.

The Short Answer: Use On-Chain Whale Trackers

So, you’ve just learned how tokenized stocks can let you own a small piece of a high-value company. But a question probably popped into your head immediately:

"Wait, I can already buy fractional shares on my brokerage app. What's the big deal?"

It’s a brilliant question. On the surface, they seem to solve the same problem. But beneath the surface, the difference between them is as big as the difference between having your name on a list in a bank's vault and holding the gold bar in your own hands.

Let's break down the real, fundamental differences.

What Are Fractional Shares?

A fractional share is a service provided by a brokerage. When you buy 0.1 shares of Tesla, you don't actually own a piece of a Tesla share. Instead, the broker buys and holds the full share, and their internal bookkeeping system simply makes a note that you are entitled to 10% of its value and any corresponding dividends.

You are a name on the broker's private ledger. Your ownership is tied to that specific company.

And What Are Tokenized Stocks Again?

A tokenized stock is a digital asset you own directly. It's a cryptographic token that lives on a public blockchain and represents a verifiable, 1:1 claim on a real share held in a secure, audited reserve.

You own the asset itself, held in your personal crypto wallet. You are not a name on a list; you are the direct owner of the digital certificate of ownership.

The Head-to-Head Comparison

The best way to see the difference is to put them side-by-side.

Why These Differences Are a Revolution

This isn't just a minor technical upgrade; it's a fundamental shift in what it means to own an asset.

The core difference is freedom and control. With a fractional share, you are dependent on the broker. With a tokenized stock, you are in control. The asset is yours. You can move it, trade it, or even use it as collateral in a decentralized lending protocol—all without asking for permission.

This programmability is the true game-changer. It allows stocks to enter the new world of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), creating possibilities that were previously unimaginable.

The Future is Built on Blockchains

While the world of directly trading tokenized stocks is still in its early stages of navigating complex regulations, the foundational blockchains that make this possible are here today. Powerful and secure networks like Ethereum, Solana, and others are the bedrock of this new financial system.

To be a part of this evolution, the first step is to own a piece of the underlying infrastructure.

In the world of crypto trading, especially on Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs), there's a high-speed game happening just beneath the surface. It's a world of automated bots, strategic bidding, and transactions that seem to happen with impossible foresight. This is the world of frontrunning.

You may have heard the term, or perhaps you've noticed a trade that executed at a slightly worse price than you expected. You weren't imagining it.

As your guide, I'm going to pull back the curtain on this practice. We'll explore what a frontrunning bot is, how it operates in the wild, and most importantly, what it means for your trades.

What is Frontrunning? A Simple Analogy

Before we dive into crypto, let's start with a classic example. Imagine a stockbroker receives a massive "buy" order from a wealthy client. The broker knows this huge order will drive the stock price up. Before executing the client's order, the broker quickly buys some of the stock for their own account. Then, they execute the client's massive order, the price shoots up, and the broker immediately sells their own shares for a quick, risk-free profit.

That is frontrunning. It's the act of using privileged information about a pending transaction to make a profit.

How Does Frontrunning Work in Crypto? The Mempool

In crypto, there isn't a broker; there's something far more public: the Mempool (Memory Pool). Think of the Mempool as a public "waiting room" for all pending transactions on a blockchain like Ethereum. Before a transaction is confirmed and added to a block, it sits in this waiting room, visible to everyone.

This is where the frontrunning bot crypto comes into play. These are highly sophisticated automated programs that constantly scan the mempool for large, pending transactions.

Here's the process:

• The Scan: A frontrunning bot spots a large "buy" order for a token on a DEX in the mempool. It knows this order will increase the token's price.
• The Front-Run: The bot instantly copies the user's trade but submits it with a slightly higher "gas fee" (the transaction fee). Think of this as giving a bigger tip to the miners/validators to get your transaction processed first.
• The Squeeze: The bot's "buy" order is executed just moments before the user's original order. This pushes the price up slightly.
• The User's Trade: The user's original buy order now executes, but at the new, slightly higher price caused by the bot.
• The Back-Run: The bot, sensing the user's buy pressure, immediately sells the tokens it just bought for an instant profit.

The "Sandwich Attack": You're the Filling

This entire sequence is famously known as a "sandwich attack." The user's trade is the filling, sandwiched between the bot's initial buy and its subsequent sell. The bot makes a profit on the price difference (the "slippage"), and the user ends up with a worse execution price than they should have.

The Sobering Reality and How to Protect Yourself

"So," you might ask, "can I run one of these bots?" The honest answer: it's an incredibly competitive, technically demanding, and ethically gray area dominated by expert teams with significant capital. For 99.9% of traders, it's not a viable path.

The more important question is: how do you avoid being the victim?

• Use Low Slippage: When trading on a DEX, set your slippage tolerance as low as possible (e.g., 0.5% or 1%). This limits the profit potential for a frontrunning bot.
• Use Anti-Frontrunning Tools: Some services offer private transaction relays (like Flashbots Protect) that send your transaction directly to miners, bypassing the public mempool.
• Trade on a Centralized Exchange (CEX): This is the most straightforward solution. On a platform like BYDFi, the order book is not a public mempool. The exchange's internal matching engine provides a controlled environment, protecting you from these specific types of public frontrunning attacks.

While the wild west of DeFi can be exciting, it comes with unique risks. Understanding them is the first step to protecting your capital.

Traveling abroad is exhilarating , new cultures, stunning landscapes, and unforgettable experiences await. But nothing can sour your adventure faster than a sky-high phone bill from roaming charges.

If you’ve ever searched for “best international phone plans” or wondered, “how much is an international phone plan?

Finding the best phone plans for international travel can feel overwhelming with so many options. Fear not! This guide breaks down everything you need to know about international mobile plans, helping you stay connected without breaking the bank.

Whether you’re a digital nomad, a frequent flyer, or a first-time traveler, we’ve got you covered with cheap international phone plans and expert tips to make your decision easy.

Why You Need an International Mobile Plan

When traveling internationally, your regular phone plan might not cut it. Roaming fees can cost $5–$15 per day, adding up to hundreds of dollars for a single trip. An international mobile plan ensures affordable access to calls, texts, and data, keeping you connected for work, navigation, or sharing those Instagram-worthy moments.

But with so many providers and plans, how do you choose? Let’s dive into the best international phone plans for every type of traveler, answering key questions like “which phone plan is best for international travel?” and helping you make a confident decision.

Types of International Mobile Plans

- Carrier-Specific International Plans

Major carriers like AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile offer international add-ons. For example, T-Mobile’s Magenta plan includes unlimited texting and data in over 200 countries, while Verizon’s TravelPass costs $10/day for 2GB of high-speed data. These are convenient but can be pricey for long trips.

- eSIM Plans

Decentralized applications (dApps) like those in the DeFi and NFT space need to access and display a massive amount of data from the blockchain. However, getting this data directly from a blockchain is like trying to find a specific book in a library with no catalog system; it is slow, inefficient, and resource-intensive. The Graph was created to solve this fundamental problem.

What is The Graph?

The Graph is often called the 'Google of Blockchains'. It is a decentralized protocol for indexing and querying data from blockchains, starting with Ethereum. It allows developers to easily search for, find, and use blockchain data without needing to run their own complex infrastructure. In essence, it creates a well-organized, global catalog for the public data stored on blockchains, making it easily accessible for everyone.

How The Graph Works: The Network Roles

The Graph's ecosystem is powered by several key participants who work together to ensure data is indexed accurately and served quickly.

Subgraphs

A subgraph is a custom, open API that defines what data to index from a blockchain and how to store it. Each dApp can build its own subgraph to track the specific data it needs, such as NFT ownership records or DeFi trade histories.

Indexers

Indexers are the node operators of the network. They stake The Graph's native token, GRT, to provide indexing and querying services. They run the software that processes the information defined in a subgraph and are rewarded with GRT for their work.

Curators

Curators are participants who signal which subgraphs are high-quality and should be indexed by the network. They stake GRT on a specific subgraph to indicate their belief in its importance and accuracy, earning a portion of the query fees for that subgraph.

Delegators

Delegators are individuals who want to contribute to securing the network without running a node themselves. They can delegate their GRT to an existing Indexer and earn a portion of that Indexer's rewards and fees.

The Role of the GRT Coin

The GRT coin is the essential utility token that coordinates the entire Graph network. It is an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum blockchain and is used for several critical functions. It is used for staking by Indexers and Curators, for delegating by Delegators, and as the means of payment for dApps that consume the data services. This creates a complete economic cycle where all participants are incentivized to act in the best interest of the network.

The Investment Perspective

Investing in The Graph's GRT coin is a bet on the future growth of the entire Web3 and dApp ecosystem. The Graph is not a dApp itself; it is a piece of critical, foundational infrastructure that nearly all dApps will need to operate efficiently. As the number of dApps grows, the demand for The Graph's data indexing services is expected to grow as well. This positions The Graph as a "picks and shovels" investment for the broader adoption of decentralized technology.

A Simple Explanation for Business Owners ( Debt Factoring )

Debt factoring, also known as debtor factoring or invoice factoring, is a financial strategy where a business sells its unpaid invoices to a third-party company (the factor) at a discount. In return, the business receives immediate cash, typically 70-90% of the invoice value, allowing it to cover operational costs without waiting 30, 60, or even 90 days for clients to pay.

For example, imagine you run a small manufacturing business in the U.S. and a client owes you $50,000 for goods delivered. Instead of waiting for payment, you sell the invoice to a factoring company and receive $45,000 upfront. The factor then collects the full amount from your client later, keeping the difference as their fee.

This solution is particularly popular in industries like manufacturing, logistics, and retail, where long payment terms are common. By understanding what debt factoring is, you can decide if it’s the right tool to address your cash flow challenges.

How Does Debt Factoring Improve Cash Flow?

One of the most pressing concerns for business owners is maintaining steady cash flow. Late payments can disrupt payroll, inventory purchases, and growth plans. Here’s how debt factoring improves cash flow:

Immediate Access to Funds: Instead of waiting weeks or months for client payments, you get cash within days—sometimes even hours.

Predictable Cash Flow: Factoring provides a reliable influx of funds, helping you plan expenses with confidence.

No New Debt: Unlike loans, debt factoring doesn’t add liabilities to your balance sheet, as you’re simply leveraging existing invoices.

Scalability: As your sales grow, so does the amount you can factor, making it a flexible solution for expanding businesses.

For instance, a UK-based logistics company might use debt factoring to cover fuel costs while waiting for a major client to settle a £100,000 invoice. This immediate cash injection keeps operations running smoothly and prevents costly disruptions.

The Advantages of Debt Factoring: Why It’s a Lifeline for Businesses

Debt factoring offers a range of benefits that make it an attractive option for businesses facing cash flow constraints. Here are the advantages of debt factoring:

Fast Cash: Get funds quickly to cover urgent expenses like payroll, rent, or supplier payments.

Improved Cash Flow Management: Avoid the stress of chasing late-paying clients and focus on growing your business.

No Collateral Required: Factoring is based on your clients’ creditworthiness, not your business’s assets, making it accessible for startups or businesses with limited collateral.

Outsourced Credit Control: Many factoring companies handle collections, saving you time and resources.

Flexible Funding: Unlike traditional loans with fixed amounts, factoring grows with your sales volume.

For example, a Canadian retailer struggling with seasonal cash flow dips could use debt factoring to maintain inventory levels during peak shopping periods, ensuring they don’t miss out on sales opportunities.

The Disadvantages of Debt Factoring: What You Need to Know

While debt factoring can be a powerful tool, it’s not without its drawbacks. Understanding the debt factoring advantages and disadvantages is crucial for making an informed decision:

Cost: Factoring fees (typically 1-5% of the invoice value) can be higher than traditional financing options, especially for long-term use.

Customer Perception: Some clients may view factoring as a sign of financial distress, though professional factoring companies handle collections discreetly.

Loss of Control: The factoring company takes over invoice collection, which may limit your direct interaction with clients.

Selective Invoices: Not all invoices qualify for factoring, as factors prioritize clients with strong credit profiles.

For instance, a small business in Australia might find that factoring fees eat into their profit margins, especially if they rely on it heavily. Weighing these costs against the benefits is essential to determine if debt factoring aligns with your financial strategy.

Is Debt Factoring Right for Your Business?

Industry: Businesses in industries with long payment cycles (e.g., construction, wholesale, or staffing) often benefit most from factoring.

Cash Flow Needs: If late payments are stalling your operations or growth, factoring can provide immediate relief.

Client Creditworthiness: Factoring works best when your clients have strong credit, as factors assess their ability to pay.

Cost Tolerance: Can your profit margins absorb factoring fees, or would a traditional loan be more cost-effective?

For example, a U.S.-based staffing agency paying weekly wages while waiting for 60-day client payments might find debt factoring a perfect fit. However, a business with thin margins may need to explore other options, like a line of credit.

How to Choose a Debt Factoring Company

• Reputation: Research factoring companies with strong reviews and a track record of professionalism.
• Fee Structure: Compare fees (e.g., discount rates, service charges) to ensure they align with your budget.
• Contract Terms: Look for flexible, non-restrictive contracts that allow you to factor invoices as needed.
• Customer Service: Choose a factor that communicates clearly and handles collections respectfully to maintain client relationships.

Pro Tip: If you’re in the UK, check if the factoring company is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) for added peace of mind.

Real-World Example: Debt Factoring in Action

Consider Sarah, who runs a small textile business in the U.S. Her clients, large retailers, often take 60-90 days to pay invoices, leaving her struggling to pay suppliers. By partnering with a debt factoring company, Sarah receives 85% of her $100,000 invoice upfront—$85,000 in cash within 48 hours. The factor collects the full amount from her client later, charging a 3% fee ($3,000). Sarah uses the funds to purchase raw materials, fulfill new orders, and grow her business without taking on debt. This scenario highlights how debtor factoring can bridge cash flow gaps, allowing businesses to thrive despite delayed payments.

Take Control of Your Cash Flow Today

If late payments are holding your business back, debt factoring could be the lifeline you need. By unlocking the cash tied up in your invoices, you can pay suppliers, meet payroll, and seize growth opportunities without the burden of debt. However, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution—carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of debt factoring to ensure it aligns with your business goals.

Cryptocurrency heists have rocked the digital world, exposing vulnerabilities in even the most advanced systems. Here’s a concise look at the largest crypto thefts to date, highlighting key incidents and lessons for investors.

1. Bybit Hack (2025) – $1.46 Billion

In February 2025, Dubai-based exchange Bybit suffered the largest crypto heist ever, losing 400,000 ETH from its cold wallet. Hackers, allegedly North Korea’s Lazarus Group, exploited a transfer to a warm wallet using a sophisticated attack on the signing interface. Bybit’s CEO assured solvency, but only a fraction of funds have been traced.

2. Ronin Network (2022) – $625 Million

The Ronin Network, linked to Axie Infinity, lost 173,600 ETH and 25.5 million USDC in March 2022. Hackers, tied to Lazarus Group, compromised private keys via social engineering. Binance recovered $5.8 million, but most funds remain unrecovered, exposing blockchain gaming vulnerabilities.

3. Poly Network (2021) – $611

MillionA lone hacker exploited a vulnerability in Poly Network’s DeFi platform, stealing $611 million. Surprisingly, the hacker returned nearly all funds, claiming it was a “white hat” act to expose flaws. This incident underscored DeFi’s potential but also its risks.

4. Binance BNB Bridge (2022) – $570 Million

In October 2022, hackers targeted Binance’s BSC Token Hub, draining 2 billion BNB tokens. Quick action froze most funds, limiting losses to $100 million. The attack highlighted cross-chain bridge weaknesses.

5. Coincheck (2018) – $534

MillionTokyo-based Coincheck lost $534 million in NEM coins due to a hot wallet breach. The hack, one of the earliest major thefts, led to tighter regulations in Japan after hackers used phishing and malware.

What These Heists Teach Us

As you can see, these events aren't random. They are targeted attacks on specific vulnerabilities. The recurring themes—compromised private keys, smart contract bugs, and bridge exploits—are the very things we break down in our main security guide.