List of questions about [Ethereum]

Key Takeaways:

• EigenLayer introduces "restaking" which allows users to use their staked ETH to secure multiple protocols simultaneously.
• This solves the difficult "bootstrapping" problem for new crypto projects by letting them rent security from Ethereum.
• While it offers higher yields for investors it also introduces higher risks of penalty slashing.

EigenLayer is arguably the most significant upgrade to the Ethereum economy since The Merge. In the past, if you staked your Ethereum, it performed one specific job. It secured the Ethereum mainnet and earned a steady, low-risk yield.

But in 2026, the market demands efficiency. This protocol introduced a groundbreaking concept called "restaking." It allows that same staked ETH to be reused to secure other applications. It effectively turns Ethereum trust into a commodity that can be exported to anyone who needs it.

What Problem Does It Solve?

Before EigenLayer, launching a new decentralized network was incredibly difficult. If you wanted to build a new Oracle network or a Sidechain, you had to find your own validators.

You had to convince people to buy your new, volatile token and stake it to secure your network. This is known as the "bootstrapping problem." It is expensive and often leads to weak security because the new token has low value.

EigenLayer fixes this by creating a marketplace for decentralized trust. New projects don't need to build their own security from scratch. They can simply rent the massive security shield of the Ethereum network.

How Does Restaking Actually Work?

The mechanism is surprisingly simple yet powerful. Users who have already staked ETH (either directly or via liquid staking tokens like stETH) can opt-in to the EigenLayer smart contracts.

By doing so, they agree to grant the protocol the ability to slash their stake if they misbehave. In exchange for taking on this extra risk, they earn extra rewards.

Instead of earning just the 3% or 4% from Ethereum staking, the user earns that base yield plus additional yield from the new protocols they are securing. It creates a "double dip" opportunity for capital efficiency.

What Are Actively Validated Services (AVS)?

The customers in this ecosystem are called Actively Validated Services (AVS). An AVS can be anything that requires decentralized validation.

This includes data availability layers, new virtual machines, oracle networks, or bridges. Because of EigenLayer, an AVS can launch rapidly. They don't need to spend years building a validator set. They just tap into the existing pool of Ethereum restakers and pay them a fee for their service.

Is Restaking Risky?

There is no such thing as free yield. The primary risk is "Slashing." If a validator acts maliciously or makes a technical error, a portion of their staked ETH is confiscated.

When you restake on EigenLayer, you are subjecting your funds to the slashing rules of multiple protocols at once. If the AVS has buggy code, you could lose money even if you did nothing wrong.

Furthermore, Vitalik Buterin has warned about "systemic risk." If the protocol gets too big, a failure could theoretically threaten the stability of the entire Ethereum mainnet.

Conclusion

Restaking has fundamentally changed the math of DeFi. It has transformed ETH from a simple asset into the foundational bedrock of crypto security. As the ecosystem matures, EigenLayer continues to be the dominant force driving yield generation for Ethereum holders.

Key Takeaways:

• A solid education in crypto starts with foundational whitepapers like Bitcoin and Ethereum, not just Twitter threads.
• Books like The Bitcoin Standard provide the economic theory necessary to understand why digital scarcity matters.
• Curating a high-quality crypto reading list protects investors from scams and helps spot long-term trends.

If you want to survive in the cryptocurrency market, you cannot rely on influencers. The only way to build conviction is to build knowledge. Every serious investor needs a crypto reading list that grounds them in the fundamentals of the technology and the economics behind it.

In 2026, information moves fast. But the core principles remain the same. Whether you are a beginner looking to buy your first Satoshi or a veteran trader, these are the resources that should be on your desk.

Where Should Beginners Start?

The first item on any crypto reading list must be the Bitcoin Whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto. It is only nine pages long. It is surprisingly readable. It explains exactly how a peer-to-peer electronic cash system works without a bank.

Next, you need to understand the "Why." The Bitcoin Standard by Saifedean Ammous is the gold standard for monetary history. It explains how sound money has shaped civilization and why Bitcoin is the logical successor to gold.

For those interested in the broader Web3 world, The Infinite Machine by Camila Russo tells the chaotic, inspiring story of how Ethereum was built. It reads like a thriller but teaches you the history of smart contracts.

What Technical Papers Are Essential?

Once you understand the basics, you need to go deeper. The Ethereum Whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin is denser but essential for understanding decentralized applications.

For DeFi enthusiasts, the Uniswap V3 Whitepaper is a masterclass in market mechanics. It explains how automated market makers (AMMs) work. Even if you don't understand every equation, understanding the concept of "concentrated liquidity" will make you a better trader.

Which Newsletters Keep You Updated?

Books are great for history, but crypto changes daily. Your crypto reading list needs to include high-signal newsletters.

• Bankless: Excellent for Ethereum and DeFi trends.
• The Defiant: Focuses on honest, deep-dive reporting into decentralized finance.
• Glassnode Insights: Essential for on-chain analysis. It teaches you how to read the blockchain data to predict market tops and bottoms.

Why Is Education Your Best Defense?

The market is filled with predatory marketing. Projects use buzzwords to trick users into buying useless tokens.

If you have read the foundational texts, you can spot the difference between a revolutionary protocol and a Ponzi scheme. Education is the ultimate filter. It gives you the confidence to hold through a 30% drop because you understand the long-term value of the asset.

Conclusion

Don't just trade the chart; trade the technology. By dedicating time to your crypto reading list, you are investing in your own edge. The smartest traders are always the ones who did their homework.

If you've followed the Shiba Inu (SHIB) phenomenon, you know it's more than just a meme coin. It's a sprawling ecosystem with its own decentralized exchange, a metaverse, and even its own blockchain.

But for this ecosystem to function, it needs more than just SHIB. It needs a token for governance and, most importantly, for gas. That token is BONE.

While SHIB is the famous face of the project, you can think of the BONE coin as the powerful engine working behind the scenes. In this guide, we'll break down the two critical roles of BONE and why it's a cornerstone of the entire Shiba Inu project.

What is Bone ShibaSwap?

Bone ShibaSwap (BONE) is one of the three main tokens of the Shiba Inu ecosystem, alongside SHIB and LEASH. It was introduced as the governance token for ShibaSwap, the project's own decentralized exchange (DEX). This means that BONE is designed to give its holders a voice and voting power over the future of the platform. The total supply of BONE is capped at 250 million tokens.

The Core Functions of the BONE Coin

The utility of BONE has expanded significantly since its creation, moving from a simple governance token to the lifeblood of its own blockchain network.

Governance

The primary and original role of BONE is to function as the governance token for the ShibaSwap DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization). By holding BONE, users can vote on proposals for changes and improvements to the ShibaSwap platform, ensuring that the community has control over its development.

ShibaSwap Rewards

BONE also plays a key role in the incentive structure of the ShibaSwap DEX. Users who provide liquidity to the platform are rewarded with BONE tokens, encouraging participation and ensuring there is enough liquidity for traders to swap assets efficiently.

Gas Token for Shibarium

Arguably the most critical function for BONE's future is its designation as the gas token for Shibarium, Shiba Inu's own Layer-2 blockchain. Just as Ethereum uses ETH to pay for transaction fees, the Shibarium network uses BONE. Every transaction, from a simple token transfer to a complex smart contract interaction on Shibarium, requires a small amount of BONE to be paid as a fee.

The Investment Perspective

Investing in BONE coin is fundamentally different from investing in SHIB. While SHIB's value is largely driven by its massive community and meme appeal, the value proposition for BONE is directly tied to the adoption and transaction volume of the Shibarium network.

As more applications are built on Shibarium and more users conduct transactions, the demand for BONE as a gas fee token increases. This creates a direct utility-driven demand that is separate from market speculation. Therefore, the long-term value of BONE is linked to the success and growth of the entire Shiba Inu Layer-2 ecosystem.

Let’s be honest: most of us laughed when Dogecoin first popped up. A coin inspired by a Shiba Inu meme? Really?

But fast forward to today, and meme coins have become a serious (and sometimes seriously profitable) part of the crypto ecosystem. From DOGE to PEPE, meme tokens are capturing attention, and their communities are stronger than ever. Whether you're a seasoned investor or just crypto-curious, understanding the top meme coins in 2025 can help you ride the next viral wave before it hits the mainstream.

we’ll break down:

• The top meme coins you should be watching
• Why Solana meme coins are gaining traction
• How to identify meme coins with real potential
• A curated top meme coins list for 2025

What Makes a Meme Coin a Top Pick for 2025?

- Community Strength: A passionate community on platforms like X and Discord can propel a coin’s value overnight.

- Blockchain Efficiency: Solana’s low fees and lightning-fast transactions make it a haven for top Solana meme coins.

- Viral Branding: Catchy names and memes (think Shiba Inu dogs or fart-themed tokens) grab attention.

- Utility Potential: Some meme coins evolve beyond hype, integrating with DeFi or NFTs.

- Market Momentum: Coins with strong trading volume and media buzz often lead the pack.

With these factors in mind, let’s dive into the top meme coins 2025 that are generating massive hype.

Top Meme Coins 2025: The Ultimate List

1-  Bonk (BONK) – The King of Solana Meme Coins

- Why It’s Hot: Launched in 2022, Bonk is a Solana-native dog-themed coin that’s become a cultural icon. Its massive airdrop to Solana users sparked adoption, and integrations with DeFi platforms keep it relevant.

- Market Cap: ~$1.3 billion (June 2025)

ETH Funding Rate Turns Negative: Is This a Trap or a Hidden Opportunity for Ether Bulls?

Ethereum has once again found itself at the center of market debate after its funding rate slipped into negative territory, a signal that often excites contrarian traders. Historically, negative funding rates tend to emerge when fear dominates the market, sometimes setting the stage for sharp rebounds. Yet this time, the broader context suggests that Ether investors may have valid reasons to hesitate.

Over the past week, Ether’s price action has reflected growing uncertainty across the crypto market. ETH suffered a sharp three-day correction of nearly 14%, revisiting the $2,900 support level for the first time in almost a month. This move coincided with a broader market pullback as traders reduced exposure to risk assets amid increasing economic and geopolitical tension.

Although Ether briefly reclaimed the $3,000 mark following news that US President Donald Trump suspended proposed import tariff hikes on several European Union countries, optimism quickly faded. The rebound lacked conviction, and traders remained cautious as liquidation data painted a sobering picture.

Liquidations Shake Confidence Across the ETH Market

One of the most damaging blows to market sentiment came from leveraged traders being flushed out at scale. In just two days, bullish Ether positions worth approximately $480 million were liquidated, highlighting how fragile confidence had become. Such liquidation cascades often reinforce bearish momentum, especially when they occur alongside weakening onchain indicators.

The sell-off also reflected a broader shift toward risk aversion. Macro uncertainty, combined with declining crypto liquidity, has made traders far less willing to hold aggressive long positions. This environment helps explain why Ether’s perpetual futures funding rate briefly turned negative.

What a Negative Funding Rate Really Signals

In normal conditions, Ether’s annualized funding rate tends to hover between 6% and 12%, with long traders paying a premium to maintain leveraged exposure. When the rate flips negative, it means short sellers are paying to keep their positions open, an unusual setup that can hint at overcrowded bearish trades.

However, a negative funding rate is not automatically bullish. In the current environment, it reflects hesitation rather than outright panic. Traders appear unwilling to commit capital, even when contrarian indicators suggest potential upside. This cautious stance is reinforced by declining institutional participation.

ETF Outflows Add to the Pressure

Institutional demand for Ether has shown visible cracks, particularly through spot ETF flows. US-listed Ether spot ETFs recorded roughly $230 million in net outflows in a single day, reversing the previous week’s steady inflow trend. With these ETFs collectively holding more than $17 billion worth of ETH, any sustained outflow represents a meaningful overhang on the market.

Adding to the concern, companies that previously embraced Ether as a treasury reserve asset are now facing mounting accounting losses. Firms such as Bitmine Immersion and Sharplink have seen their balance sheets pressured by ETH’s recent decline, raising questions about whether corporate accumulation strategies will continue.

Options Market Reveals Deep Unease, Not Panic

To better understand professional sentiment, it is essential to look beyond futures and examine the options market. The ETH options skew, which measures the relative pricing of downside versus upside protection, has surged to its highest level in seven weeks. Traders are currently paying a significant premium for downside exposure, signaling discomfort rather than aggressive bearish positioning.

This elevated skew reflects repeated failures by Ether to break above the $3,400 resistance level over the past two months. Each rejection has weakened trader confidence, particularly as Ethereum’s onchain activity shows signs of stagnation.

Falling Network Fees Raise Structural Concerns

Ethereum’s fundamentals have also come under scrutiny. Network fees have declined by roughly 20% over the past week, indicating reduced demand for block space. In contrast, competing blockchains such as Solana and BNB Chain have seen substantial increases in fee generation, highlighting a shift in user activity.

More notably, Solana continues to dominate transaction volume, with Ethereum’s base layer and scaling solutions collectively falling well behind. This growing competitive pressure in decentralized application processing has fueled doubts about Ethereum’s near-term growth narrative.

Trading ETH in a High-Uncertainty Environment

Beyond Bitcoin: The Ethereum vs. XRP Ledger Duel Defining Crypto’s Future

Forget thinking of them as just coins. Ethereum and XRP represent two fundamentally different philosophies in the blockchain universe, each building a distinct future. One is the chaotic, creative engine of a decentralized internet. The other is the streamlined, institutional-grade highway for global money. Understanding this split is key to navigating the crypto landscape.

The Core Divide: Decentralized Bazaar vs. Efficient Corridor

Picture Ethereum as a vast, open-source metropolis. No single entity owns it. Its skyline is constantly changing, built by thousands of independent developers and secured by a volunteer army of over 8,000 validators worldwide. This decentralization is its bedrock and its creed, fostering incredible innovation at the cost of sometimes chaotic complexity.

Now, envision the XRP Ledger as a precision-engineered, high-speed rail network. It’s built for one primary mission: moving value instantly and cheaply. To achieve this, it opts for a more efficient, coordinated design. Its consensus relies on a trusted Unique Node List (UNL) of over 35 validators out of 135+, a structure that critics call centralized but proponents argue is essential for the speed and predictability demanded by financial institutions. Ripple, the company, is the chief architect and main promoter of this network.

This foundational difference—decentralized playground vs. efficient payment utility—echoes through every other comparison.

The Engine Room: How They Actually Work

Here’s where the technical visions clash:

Ethereum Scalability Skyrockets as Developers Raise Blob Limit to 21, Paving the Way for Faster, Cheaper, and More Efficient Transactions Across the Network

Why Ether Still Looks Strong Above $3,000 Despite Recent Pullbacks

Ether’s price action over the past week has tested investor confidence, especially after ETH failed to reclaim the $3,400 resistance zone. While the pullback pushed prices toward the $3,000 region, on-chain data, institutional behavior and technical structure suggest that Ether’s broader bullish narrative remains intact. As long as a critical support range holds, the groundwork appears set for a renewed upside move in the coming weeks.

The $3,400 Rejection Was a Pause — Not a Trend Reversal

ETH dropped roughly 7% after being rejected near $3,400, a level that has repeatedly acted as short-term resistance. However, this decline did not trigger panic selling or structural breakdowns in the market. Instead, price stabilized near zones where long-term investors have historically accumulated, indicating that sellers are losing momentum rather than gaining control.

Market behavior around $3,000 shows that buyers are still active, absorbing supply and preventing deeper drawdowns. This suggests the recent dip is more consistent with consolidation within an uptrend than the start of a bearish phase.

Staking Demand Explodes as Long-Term Conviction Grows

The landscape of Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solutions is highly competitive, with numerous projects all aiming to solve the challenges of high fees and slow transaction speeds. In this crowded field, Mantle has emerged as a significant player, not just for its technology, but for its unique structure and substantial financial backing. It represents a different approach to building a scalable and efficient blockchain environment.

What is Mantle

Mantle is a high performance Layer 2 network built on top of Ethereum. Its primary goal is to provide a scalable environment for decentralized applications, offering significantly lower transaction costs and higher throughput than the Ethereum mainnet. By processing transactions on its own chain and then submitting the data back to Ethereum, Mantle inherits the security of the main network while providing the performance benefits of a dedicated scaling solution.

The Modular Blockchain Approach

The key technological differentiator for Mantle is its modular architecture. Traditionally, most blockchains are monolithic, meaning a single layer of nodes is responsible for all key functions: executing transactions, ensuring data is available, and reaching consensus. Mantle separates these jobs. It uses a specialized data availability layer, leveraging EigenDA technology, to handle data, while another layer focuses on execution. This is like having an assembly line with specialists for each task, designed to be more efficient and flexible than one person doing all the work.

The Role of the MNT Token

The Mantle ecosystem is powered by its native utility and governance token, MNT. The token serves two primary functions. First, it is the gas token for the Mantle network, meaning users need MNT to pay for transaction fees when interacting with applications on the chain. Second, MNT functions as a governance token. Holders of MNT can vote on proposals that direct the future of the Mantle ecosystem, giving the community control over the protocol's development and treasury.

A Treasury Backed Ecosystem

A unique advantage for Mantle is its origin. The project was initiated by BitDAO, one of the world's largest decentralized treasuries. This provides the Mantle ecosystem with significant financial resources to fund development, incentivize builders, and drive adoption. This large treasury is a strategic asset, allowing Mantle to support a new generation of decentralized applications and attract both users and developers to its modular blockchain.